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| Fahrenheit (F) |
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The temperature scale in which water freezes at 32 degrees F and boils at 212 degrees F under normal atmospheric conditions. °F = (°C x 1.8) + 32.
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| Fan pitch |
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The angle of the fan blades measured one-third of the fan radius in from the tip.
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| Fans, variable-speed |
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Fans whose motors turn at infinitely variable speeds by varying the line frequency of the power source.
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| Feed speed |
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The speed of a machine centre (canter, planer, etc.) usually expressed in feet per minute.
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| Feedback (or feedback signal) |
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The output signal from a feedback element.
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| Feedback loop |
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Any closed circuit consisting of one or more forward elements and one or more feedback elements.
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| Feedstock |
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A material used as a raw material in an industrial process.
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| Fermentation |
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Conversion of carbon-containing compounds by micro-organisms for production of fuels and chemicals such as alcohols, acids or energy-rich gases.
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| Filter |
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A device whose primary function is the retention by a porous media of insoluble contaminants from a fluid.
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| Firm power (Firm energy) |
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Power which is guaranteed by the supplier to be available at all times during a period covered by a commitment.
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| Flow control valve |
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A valve which controls the rate of oil flow.
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| Flow rate |
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The volume, mass, or weight of a fluid passing through any conductor per unit of time.
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| Fluid |
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1. A liquid or gas.
2. A liquid that is specially compounded for use as a power-transmitting medium in a hydraulic
system.
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| Fluidized-bed boiler |
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Vessel where a fluidized bed is formed by blowing air up through a layer of inert particles (such as sand or limestone) at a rate that causes the particles to go into suspension and continuous motion. The super-hot bed material increases combustion efficiency by its direct contact with the fuel.
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| Follow valve |
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A control valve which ports oil to an actuator so the resulting output motion is proportional to the input motion to the valve.
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| Foot (ft) |
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A linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard (0.3048 m).
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| FOPS |
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Falling object protective structure.
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| Force |
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Any push or pull measured in units of weight. In hydraulics, total force is expressed by the product P (force per unit area) and the area of the surface on which the pressure acts. F = P x A.
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| Forest residues |
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Material not harvested or removed from logging sites in commercial hardwood and softwood stands as well as material resulting from forest management operations such as precommercial thinnings and removal of dead and dying trees.
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| Four-way valve |
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A directional valve having four flow paths.
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| FPM |
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Feet per minute.
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| Frequency |
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1. The number of cycles per second of alternating current (example: 60 cycles per second or 60
hertz per second).
2. The number of times an action occurs in a unit of time. Frequency is the basis of all sound.
A pump or motor's basic frequency is equal to its speed in revolutions per second multiplied
by the number of pumping chambers.
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| Front connected |
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A condition wherein piping connections are on normally exposed surfaces of hydraulic components.
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| Front end loader |
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A mobile machine mounted on a wheeled or tracked chassis, equipped with a grapple, tuck, bucket, or fork-lift device, and employed in the loading, unloading, stacking, or sorting of logs or materials.
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| Fuel cycle |
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The series of steps required to produce electricity. The fuel cycle includes acquiring the raw fuel source, processing and cleaning the fuel, transport, electricity generation, waste management and plant decommissioning.
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| Full flow |
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In a filter, the condition where all the fluid must pass through the filter element or medium.
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| Furnace |
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An enclosed chamber or container used to burn biomass in a controlled manner to produce heat for space or process heating.
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